In the realm of technology, change is constant. Advances prompt shifts, ushering out old systems for newer, more efficient models. This shift is evident in the telecommunications field, where 2G and 3G networks, previously foundational to mobile communication, are now being replaced by more advanced technologies.
This change affects everyone, from individual smartphone users to large businesses that rely on digital communication for their everyday operations. As we explore this transformation, it’s crucial to grasp why it’s occurring and what it signifies for our future connectivity.
Why Are 2G and 3G Networks Being Shut Down?
Back in the 1990s, 2G made a big difference by introducing digital communication. It meant clearer phone calls and the start of texting. A decade later, 3G made the internet on phones much faster, which was great for browsing and emails.
Nowadays, we have 4G and 5G. These networks are not only faster but also more efficient. They handle streaming, downloading, and connecting many devices much better.
Since maintaining old 2G and 3G networks is costly and not many people use them anymore, telecom companies are shutting them down. They're choosing to improve and expand 4G and 5G networks because that’s what most of us use today.
When Will the Sunset Happen?
The timing for 2G and 3G networks shutting down varies across regions and depends on the local telecom carriers. Below is an update on the status across the globe:
United States: AT&T, Verizon and T-Mobile already shut down their 3G networks. 2G was also closed by AT&T and Verizon, but T-Mobile still supports this network. However, according to the official information "Capacity and coverage of T-Mobile's 2G (GSM) network is expected to change starting as early as September 1, 2024."
Europe: The timeline varies by country within Europe. For example, the Netherlands already shut down its 3G networks, other countries plan to close 3G by 2025. 2G networks will operate a little longer, probably until the late 2020s.
Asia-Pacific: Japan finalized its 3G network shutdown in 2022, and South Korea has nearly completed the transition to 4G and 5G. Other countries in this region will follow them in the next years.
Rest of the World: 2G will continue to operate in some territories of Africa and Latin America. Since 4G and 5G networks are not yet widespread over there, it is necessary to keep people connected. For example, Brazil and Kenya already plan to shut down 2G, but this process will take next few years.
Impact on IoT Devices
The shutdown of 2G and 3G networks is serious issue for devices that create the Internet of Things (IoT). These devices often connect to the internet using 2G and 3G because they were made for using these networks, since they have been widely available and economical.
With arrival of 4G and 5G networks, companies start adopting new technologies like NB-IoT and LTE-M. These new options provide better performance and wider coverage for IoT devices.
These are examples of IoT devices that may be affected:
- Smart Meters: Utility companies use 2G and 3G to connect meters that measure electricity, water, and gas usage. These meters will need new technology to keep working after the networks shut down.
- Vehicle Telematics: Older cars might use 2G or 3G for helpful features like navigation and emergency services. These features could stop working unless the cars are updated to use newer networks.
- Security Systems: Many security systems communicate with a central station using these older networks. If they disappear, these systems won’t be able to send alerts, making security a big concern unless the systems are updated.
- Health Devices: Gadgets like those emergency buttons seniors wear or devices that monitor vital signs use these networks too. They’ll need updates to keep functioning properly without 2G and 3G.
- Industrial IoT: Devices that monitor equipment or track inventory in factories often work on these networks. They'll need an upgrade to avoid disruptions.
- Agricultural Equipment: Farming tools that monitor crops or track livestock also use these networks. They’ll have to be updated to continue helping farmers efficiently.
- Environmental Monitors: Devices that track air or water quality send their data through 2G or 3G. Without them, it might be harder to monitor environmental conditions accurately. Thus, they need an upgrade or they should be replace with newer ones.
- Public Transportation: Transit systems use these networks for things like bus and train location tracking and schedule updates. They’ll need to be upgraded to stay reliable.
- Emergency Alerts: Warnings about severe weather or other emergencies rely on these networks too. Updating these systems is crucial to keep them working.
- Point of Sale Systems: Cash registers and payment systems in remote locations use 2G or 3G. They must be updated to avoid payment interruptions.
What Should You Do?
If your business relies on IoT devices that might still be running on 2G or 3G networks, it’s crucial to ensure they transition smoothly to newer technologies. Here’s a practical guide to help you manage this update:
- Inventory Your IoT Devices: Start by listing all IoT devices in your operations. This includes sensors, machines, and any other equipment that communicates data automatically. Focus especially on devices that control or monitor production, logistics, security, or environmental conditions.
- Verify Network Requirements: For each device on your list, check the specifications to see if they rely on 2G or 3G networks. This information might be available in the device settings, through its software interface, or in the technical manuals. Signs that devices are using these older networks include frequent connectivity issues and a lack of recent updates.
- Consult with Your Service Providers: Reach out to your telecom and IoT service providers with your findings. They can confirm which devices need an upgrade and may offer specific advice or solutions for switching to 4G or 5G networks.
- Plan for Upgrades: Based on your service provider's recommendations, plan for necessary hardware upgrades or software updates. This might involve replacing old equipment, installing new modems, or updating device firmware. Prioritize upgrades based on critical business functions to minimize disruptions.
- Seek Expert Help: Upgrading IoT devices can be complex, particularly in specialized industrial environments. If needed, enlist the help of IoT technology experts or consultants who can ensure the transition is smooth and that all devices are compatible with the new network technology.
While focusing on business IoT, it’s also wise to check any personal or home smart devices that might be affected. This includes home security systems, smart thermostats, and older smartphones or tablets. Updating these can help avoid interruptions in service and maintain functionality.
What's Next for Connectivity
As older 2G and 3G networks gradually disappear, newer, quicker networks like 4G and 5G are taking over. This isn't just about speeding up your mobile phone's internet. It's about helping all sorts of devices connect better, from kitchen appliances to cars in the street.
Devices that use the IoT really depend on these faster networks. For instance, a car that can alert emergency services automatically if there's an accident needs a reliable, quick connection to work right. Or consider a farming tool that monitors soil moisture and adjusts watering automatically — this also needs a solid internet connection to operate effectively.
As 4G and 5G become more common, these kinds of tools will work better and more reliably. This means things we use every day will get smarter and more helpful, making daily tasks easier and safer. That’s the real benefit of moving to these newer networks.